Which term most accurately describes an individual experiencing strong urges to drink alcohol and is unable to stop after one drink?

The term that most accurately describes an individual experiencing strong urges to drink alcohol and finding it difficult to stop after one drink is "craving." Craving refers to the intense desire or compulsion to consume a substance, which is often a key component in substance use disorders. This desire can be so powerful that it can lead individuals to drink excessively despite knowing the potential negative consequences.

In the context of alcohol use, cravings can trigger the act of drinking, making it hard for the person to control their intake, even after having just one drink. This situation aligns closely with the emotional and psychological aspects of addiction more than the physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms might.

The other terms provided have distinct meanings: addiction refers to a chronic disease characterized by compulsive engagement in activities despite harmful consequences; tolerance involves needing more of a substance to achieve the same effects; and withdrawal refers to the physical or psychological symptoms that occur when reducing or stopping substance use. Understanding these differences clarifies why craving is the most fitting choice in this scenario.