Which of the following is a type of dementia?

Alzheimer's disease is recognized as a type of dementia because it is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and reasoning skills, which interferes significantly with daily life. Dementia itself is an umbrella term that encompasses a range of neurological disorders that affect memory and cognitive abilities. Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia and is explicitly linked to specific changes in the brain, such as the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, leading to cognitive impairment.

The other options listed do not fit the definition of dementia in the same way. Parkinson's disease, while it may lead to cognitive decline in its later stages, is primarily known as a movement disorder. Migraines are severe headaches that can be debilitating but do not contribute to dementia. Stress-induced conditions generally refer to mental health issues caused by stress rather than cognitive decline associated with dementia. Thus, Alzheimer's stands out as a distinct and recognized type of dementia.