Which of the following conditions can be caused by using a shared needle to inject a substance?

Using a shared needle to inject a substance can lead to serious health conditions due to exposure to infected blood. Both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and endocarditis can be directly linked to the practice of sharing needles.

HIV is transmitted through blood, and when needles are shared, blood containing the virus from an infected individual can enter the bloodstream of another person. This is a well-documented risk that highlights the importance of safe injection practices.

Endocarditis, on the other hand, is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. It can occur when bacteria from the bloodstream settle in the heart. Sharing needles can introduce bacteria directly into the bloodstream, especially if the skin isn't properly cleaned before injection or if the needle is not sterile, which poses a significant risk for developing this infection.

While liver cirrhosis is a serious condition, it is commonly associated with chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis, particularly hepatitis C, which can also be transmitted through shared needles. However, liver cirrhosis itself does not arise directly from the act of sharing a needle, unlike HIV and endocarditis.

Thus, the combined risk of both HIV and endocarditis as direct consequences of sharing needles supports the choice that