Which of the following can cause an acute symptomatic seizure?

An acute symptomatic seizure often results from a specific medical condition or an acute change in physiological status rather than from underlying chronic issues or emotional stress. In this case, an insulin overdose is a clear and direct cause. When someone experiences an insulin overdose, it leads to severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can trigger seizures as the brain becomes deprived of the glucose it needs for energy.

Other circumstances, such as chronic headaches or sudden emotional stress, typically do not lead directly to seizures in the same acute manner. They can be associated with various neurological issues or may contribute to an overall lower seizure threshold, but they are not direct causes of acute symptomatic seizures. Similarly, high levels of hydration can lead to other medical problems, like hyponatremia, but do not typically result in acute symptomatic seizures. Thus, an insulin overdose stands out as a direct, acute trigger for a seizure.