What condition is characterized by abnormal excitation of sensory perception?

The condition characterized by abnormal excitation of sensory perception is fibromyalgia. This disorder is known for its widespread pain and heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as touch, sound, and light. Individuals with fibromyalgia often experience symptoms like chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, which are linked to a central nervous system processing issue that amplifies sensory signals. This modification in how sensory information is perceived can lead to discomfort and an overall heightened sensitivity, distinguishing fibromyalgia from other conditions listed.

In contrast, the other options relate to different health issues. Arthritis primarily involves joint inflammation and pain but does not specifically pertain to sensory perception. Multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system and can involve sensory issues, but it primarily features motor symptoms and varies widely in individual presentation. Parkinson's disease is characterized mainly by motor control issues, such as tremors and stiffness, rather than abnormal excitations of sensory perception. Each of these conditions presents unique symptoms and mechanisms that do not center on the specific sensory characteristics seen in fibromyalgia.